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The root locus method is an invaluable tool for analyzing higher-order systems without needing to factor the denominator of the transfer function. A pole of the system is identified when the characteristic polynomial in the transfer function's denominator equals zero.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Amplicon Sequencing using the Long-Read Sequencing Technologies
08:57

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Published on: August 29, 2025

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Rapid multi-locus sequence typing direct from uncorrected long reads using Krocus.

Andrew J Page1,2, Jacqueline A Keane2

  • 1Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.

Peerj
|August 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Krocus predicts bacterial sequence types (STs) from raw long-read sequencing data in minutes. This rapid diagnostic tool achieves high accuracy, accelerating bacterial outbreak investigations and clinical diagnostics.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsMicrobialMulti-locus sequence typingNanoporePacbio

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing is crucial for bacterial outbreak investigation and diagnostics.
  • Traditional methods like multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) classify bacterial strains.
  • Long-read sequencing offers rapid data generation but has high raw read error rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a tool that predicts sequence types (STs) directly from uncorrected long-read sequencing data.
  • To enable rapid ST prediction as data is generated, minimizing turnaround time for diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Krocus, a Python-based software tool.
  • Krocus processes uncorrected long-read data in real-time.
  • Validation on over 700 bacterial isolates sequenced with long-read technologies (PacBio, Oxford Nanopore).

Main Results:

  • Krocus predicts STs from uncorrected long reads with 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity.
  • Results are available on average within 90 seconds.
  • Krocus is the first tool capable of direct ST prediction from uncorrected long reads.

Conclusions:

  • Krocus significantly accelerates bacterial strain identification from long-read sequencing data.
  • The tool enhances the speed and efficiency of bacterial diagnostics and outbreak investigations.
  • Krocus is an open-source software available under GNU GPL v3.