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Does competitive swimming affect lung growth?

Joshua M Bovard1, Joseph F Welch1, Kristin M Houghton2

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Competitive swimming during puberty did not enhance lung growth in female athletes. While swimmers had larger lung volumes and stronger expiratory muscles initially, a season of training did not further increase these measures, suggesting genetics may play a larger role.

Keywords:
exerciselung growthpubertyswimventilatory constraints

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The impact of intensive training on lung development, particularly during puberty, remains a subject of debate.
  • Peak lung growth velocities occur during the pubertal period, making it a critical window for assessing training effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether competitive swimming during puberty influences lung growth and pulmonary function in adolescent females.
  • To compare lung function parameters between competitive swimmers and non-swimmers during a one-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Pulmonary function tests (lung volumes, spirometry, diffusion capacity, maximal pressures) were conducted on swimmers and controls before and after a swimming season.
  • Ventilatory constraints were assessed during incremental cycling tests.
  • Participants were healthy females aged 11-14 years.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, swimmers exhibited greater total lung capacity, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory pressures compared to controls.
  • Despite initial differences, one swimming season did not result in significant changes in lung growth or function between the groups.
  • No differences were observed in diffusion capacity relative to alveolar volume or ventilatory constraints during exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Competitive swimming during puberty in females is associated with enhanced baseline lung volumes and expiratory muscle strength, but does not appear to further stimulate lung growth.
  • The findings suggest that genetic factors may contribute more significantly to the larger lung volumes observed in swimmers than training during this critical developmental period.