Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
[Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) of a 15-year-old female patient suffering from a severe delusional depression: a
Martin Reinhardt1, Katja Wunsch1, Steffen Weirich1
11 Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock.
Abstract:
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) of a 15-year-old female patient suffering from a severe delusional depression: a case report Abstract.
Objective:
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a modern therapy of severe psychiatric disorders. However, ECT is rarely used in treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. This case report refers about a 15-year-old female patient suffering from severe depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms treated with ECT.
Method:
After unsuccessful combined behavioral therapy and medication, the patient received a total of 11 ECT treatments with right unilateral electrode placement. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self (BDI-II) and external (HDRS21) scores before, during and after treatment.
Results:
A rapid decline of depressive symptoms was observed.
Conclusion:
ECT provides a safe and effective method for the treatment of severe depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence and should be included earlier than usual into the standard therapeutic concepts.
Related Concept Videos
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Long-term Depression
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
Depressants
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Data Reporting and Recording
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...

