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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plastids with four membranes possess a periplastidal compartment (PPC), hypothesized as reduced endosymbiont cytoplasm.
  • Mitochondria are typically absent from the PPC, yet PPCs in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes contain a nucleomorph.
  • Iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) cofactors are essential for many proteins, with their synthesis usually relying on mitochondrial ISC assembly and cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and origin of a cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery within mitochondrion-lacking periplastidal compartments (PPCs).
  • To determine if the presence of a PPC-specific CIA machinery correlates with the presence of a nucleomorph.
  • To explore the evolutionary history of CIA machineries in organisms with four-membraned plastids.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic screening for CIA machinery components in PPCs.
  • In vivo localization studies of candidate PPC proteins.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of PPC- and host-specific CIA components.

Main Results:

  • A PPC-specific CIA machinery was identified in organisms possessing a nucleomorph.
  • The presence of this CIA machinery in the PPC correlates with the presence of a nucleomorph.
  • Phylogenetic analyses revealed complex evolutionary patterns for CIA machineries in these organisms.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the existence of a specialized CIA machinery within PPCs, linked to nucleomorph presence.
  • This finding suggests a unique adaptation for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in these complex cellular structures.
  • The evolutionary trajectory of CIA machineries in four-membraned plastid-containing organisms is intricate and warrants further investigation.