Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

Posterior Spinal Fusion in a Scoliotic Patient With Congenital Heart Block Treated With Pacemaker: An Intraoperative

Tat Seng Wong¹, Jaseemuddeen Abu Bakar², Kok Han Chee³

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

|August 8, 2018

Abstract

Study Design:

Case report.

Objective:

To describe the technical difficulties on performing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) on a pacemaker-dependent patient with complete congenital heart block and right thoracic scoliosis.

Summary Of Background Data:

Congenital complete heart block requires pacemaker implantation at birth through thoracotomy, which can result in scoliosis. Corrective surgery in this patient was challenging. Height gain after corrective surgery may potentially cause lead dislodgement. The usage of monopolar electrocautery may interfere with the function of the implanted cardiac device.

Methods:

A 17-year-old boy was referred to our institution for the treatment of right thoracic scoliosis of 70°. He had underlying complete congenital heart block secondary to maternal systemic lupus erythematosus. Pacemaker was implanted through thoracotomy since birth and later changed for four times. PSF was performed by two attending surgeons with a temporary pacing inserted before the surgery. The monopolar electrocautery device was used throughout the surgery.

Results:

The PSF was successfully performed without any technical issues and complications. Postoperatively, his permanent pacemaker was functioning normally. Three days later, he was recovering well and was discharged home from hospital.

Conclusion:

This case indicates that PSF can be performed successfully with thoughtful anticipation of technical difficulties on a pacemaker-dependent patient with underlying congenital heart block.

Level Of Evidence:

5.

More Related Videos

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Block Diagram Reduction

Block Diagram Reduction

The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...

Elements of Block Diagrams

Elements of Block Diagrams

Block diagrams serve as a visual representation of the input-output relationships within a system. An illustrative example is a heating system, where the set temperature activates the furnace to warm the room to the desired level. Block diagrams are versatile, modeling linear systems through Laplace transform variables and nonlinear systems using time domain variables.
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Tagging and Fusion Proteins

Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Characterization of weaning practices in intensive care units in Global South countries: a clinical practice survey.

Critical care science·2026

Sagittal Alignment in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Major Thoracic Curvesss: Pelvic Incidence and Its Influences on Lumbar Lordosis and Thoracic Kyphosis.

Spine·2026

Decoding stem cell preconditioning as a novel strategy for improving its therapeutic efficacy in intervertebral disc regeneration.

Cell and tissue research·2026

Interval-Based International Multicenter Validation of the Distal Radius and Ulna Classification for Growth Velocity and Curve Progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Global spine journal·2026

Medial Pedicle Wall Referencing Extra-pedicular (EP) Screw Insertion Technique in Narrow Dysplastic Pedicles During Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Patients.

Clinical spine surgery·2026

Radiologic Outcomes Following All-Pedicle Screw Selective Thoracic Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients With Lenke Type 1 and 2 Curves: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up.

Clinical spine surgery·2026

See all related articles