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Cellular Abnormalities and Emerging Biomarkers in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Ashwani K Singal1, Shannon M Bailey2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Gene Expression
|August 9, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) involves immune cell dysfunction, leading to inflammation and organ damage. Emerging blood cell biomarkers show promise for diagnosing and predicting AALD and alcoholic hepatitis (AH).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the US.
  • Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) significantly contributes to liver disease admissions and transplants.
  • Peripheral blood cells play a critical role in the systemic pathology of AALD and AH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the disruptive effects of alcohol on innate and adaptive immune cells in AALD and AH.
  • To highlight emerging cellular biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosing AALD and AH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on alcohol's impact on immune cell function.
  • Analysis of how alcohol affects lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages.
  • Focus on cellular mechanisms contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol consumption dysregulates the function of key innate immune cells.
  • These immune cell alterations impact adaptive immune responses.
  • Peripheral blood cells are implicated in systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Immune cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of AALD and AH.
  • Cellular-based biomarkers derived from peripheral blood offer potential for improved diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Further research into these biomarkers could advance AALD and AH patient management.

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