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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells
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Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

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Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) subunit e is essential for embryonic development and cell

Daichi Sadato1,2, Tomio Ono3, Saki Gotoh-Saito1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medical Research Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Japan.

FEBS Open Bio
|August 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e (eIF3e) is crucial for embryonic development in mice. Loss of eIF3e function leads to embryonic lethality and reduced cell proliferation, highlighting its essential role.

Keywords:
Int6eIF3eembryonic developmenteukaryotic translation initiation factor 3gene‐targeted micehaploinsufficiencytranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex is essential for protein synthesis and comprises thirteen subunits (eIF3a-m).
  • The eIF3e gene locus is a common integration site for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), leading to truncated eIF3e and mammary tumor formation.
  • MMTV-induced tumors may involve the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essential function of the eIF3e subunit in mammalian development and cellular processes.
  • To elucidate the role of eIF3e in maintaining the integrity of the eIF3 complex.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of eIF3e-deficient mice (eIF3e knockout).
  • Phenotypic characterization of eIF3e-deficient mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).
  • Assessment of eIF3 subunit levels and cellular proliferation in eIF3e-deficient MEFs.

Main Results:

  • eIF3e-deficient mice are embryonically lethal.
  • Surviving eIF3e-heterozygous mice exhibit reduced size compared to wild-type littermates.
  • eIF3e-deficient MEFs show decreased levels of eIF3a and eIF3c subunits and impaired cellular proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • eIF3e is indispensable for embryonic development in mice.
  • eIF3e plays a critical role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the eIF3 complex.
  • The findings underscore the importance of eIF3e in mammalian cell function and organismal development.