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Melanophore multinucleation pathways in zebrafish.

Yuu Usui1, Shigeru Kondo1,2, Masakatsu Watanabe1

  • 1Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|August 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multinucleation in zebrafish melanophores, involving nuclear division without cell division, leads to larger cell size and improved survival. This study elucidates the developmental mechanisms behind these frequently observed bi- and trinuclear cells.

Keywords:
cell nucleus divisioncell-cell fusionchromatophoremelanophorezebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Zebrafish models

Background:

  • Mononuclear melanophores are common in zebrafish, but bi- and trinuclear melanophores are also frequently observed.
  • The developmental processes leading to multinucleation in zebrafish melanophores are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of melanophore multinucleation in zebrafish.
  • To analyze the distribution and characteristics of mono-, bi-, and trinuclear melanophores.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently labeled melanophore nuclei (histone H2B-red fluorescent reporter protein).
  • Evaluated melanophore distribution in trunk and fin tissues.
  • Performed comparative analysis of cell size, motility, and survival rates between mono- and binuclear melanophores in vitro.
  • Employed in vivo and in vitro live-cell imaging to observe melanoblast and melanophore behavior.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of examined melanophores were binuclear, and 1% were trinuclear.
  • Binuclear melanophores exhibited significantly larger cell size and higher survival rates compared to mononuclear melanophores.
  • Observed melanoblast nuclear division without subsequent cellular division.
  • Detected infrequent cellular and nuclear division in melanophores in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed a model for melanophore multinucleation in zebrafish, highlighting nuclear division independent of cellular division as a key mechanism.
  • Demonstrated that multinucleation contributes to enhanced cell size and survival in zebrafish melanophores.
  • Provided novel insights into the dynamic nuclear and cellular behaviors during melanophore development.