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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Strokes associated with left ventricular assist devices.

Olga N Kislitsina1,2, Allen S Anderson1, Jonathan D Rich1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Cardiac Surgery
|August 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stroke remains a significant complication for patients with ventricular assist devices (VADs). This review examines the incidence and causes of stroke in VAD recipients to inform future device improvements.

Keywords:
heart failuremechanical circulatory supportstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have advanced significantly, yet stroke remains a critical challenge.
  • Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are recognized complications in patients with VADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence of stroke in patients with VADs.
  • To elucidate the underlying etiologies of stroke in the context of VAD support.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies reporting stroke incidence in VAD patients.
  • Analysis of reported stroke mechanisms and contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • Stroke incidence varies among different VAD types and patient populations.
  • Multiple factors contribute to stroke, including device design, patient comorbidities, and anticoagulation management.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing stroke incidence is crucial for improving long-term outcomes in VAD patients.
  • Ongoing VAD design improvements aim to mitigate stroke risk and enhance patient survival.