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Evolutionary view of the AIDS process.

Vladimir Zajac1

  • 1Cancer Research Institute BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.

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This study proposes that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-existed with Yersinia pestis during the Black Death, influencing its spread and the CCR5-delta 32 mutation prevalence. This challenges the accepted timeline of HIV emergence and transmission.

Keywords:
AIDSBlack Death epidemicCCR5Δ32 mutationCaucasian populationHIVYersinia pestissub-Saharan Africa

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Historical Medicine

Background:

  • The accepted theory posits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) originated from simian contact 35-50 years ago, causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Epidemiological evidence for this transmission event remains insufficient.
  • Historical analysis of the Black Death suggests a potential co-infection model.

Observation:

  • The Black Death's spread and incubation period align with hemorrhagic virus characteristics.
  • The CCR5-delta 32 mutation, conferring HIV resistance, has existed in Caucasians for over 2000 years.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa, lacking the Black Death's sanitation impact, shows higher HIV genetic prevalence.

Findings:

  • The Black Death may have been caused by a dual infection of Yersinia pestis and a virus suggested to be HIV.
  • This co-infection could explain the selective pressure leading to increased CCR5-delta 32 mutations in Caucasians.
  • The absence of this dual epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa may account for its higher reservoir of HIV genetic diversity.

Implications:

  • Re-evaluating the origins and historical spread of HIV.
  • Understanding the evolutionary impact of historical pandemics on human genetics.
  • Exploring potential co-factor roles in viral emergence and disease severity.