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Assaying Protein Kinase Activity with Radiolabeled ATP
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Homeodomain Proteins Directly Regulate ATM Kinase Activity.

Tanya E Johnson1, Ji-Hoon Lee1, Logan R Myler1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Cell Reports
|August 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Homeodomain proteins regulate the DNA damage response by interacting with ATM kinase. This interaction influences ATM activity, suggesting a novel mechanism for controlling DNA repair during development and differentiation.

Keywords:
ATMDNA damage responseDNA double-strand breaksMRNhomeodomain proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a key kinase coordinating responses to DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative stress.
  • NKX3.1, a prostate-specific transcription factor, was previously identified to stimulate ATM kinase activity via its homeodomain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether other homeodomain family members can regulate ATM kinase activity.
  • To elucidate the interaction between homeodomain proteins, ATM, and the MRN complex in DNA damage response pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to assess physical interactions between homeodomain proteins and ATM/MRN complex.
  • In vitro kinase assays to measure ATM activity under various conditions.
  • Cell-based assays in human cells to evaluate functional consequences.

Main Results:

  • Six representative homeodomain proteins (NKX3.1, NKX2.2, TTF1, NKX2.5, HOXB7, CDX2) were found to physically and functionally interact with both ATM and the MRN complex.
  • Binding of homeodomain proteins to ATM stimulated oxidation-induced ATM activation in vitro.
  • Conversely, this binding inhibited ATM kinase activity in the presence of MRN and DNA, and within human cells.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-specific homeodomain proteins can modulate ATM kinase activity.
  • This interaction represents a unique regulatory mechanism for the DNA damage response, particularly during development and differentiation.