Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.4K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

902
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
902
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

697
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
697
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

587
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
587
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

522
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
522
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

16.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
16.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinctive molecular mechanisms in higher cortical circuits confer vulnerability to mental disorders.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

The MacBrain Resource Center (MBRC) rhesus macaque postnatal brain histology datasets: Enabling new discoveries through NHP tissue and digital data Repositories.

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

The cost of efficiency in flexible neural representations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Development of a High-Precision Temporal Interference Stimulation System With Multi-Device Synchronization and Concurrent EEG.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same author

Heterogeneity in working memory performance caused by different positions of the visual cue in the visual field.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Frequency-dependent disruption of morphology-constrained functional organization in Parkinson's disease.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Vestibular function drives gaze stability in locomoting macaques.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Region- and layer-specific glutamatergic synapse development in the nascent cortical hierarchy.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Endogenous peptide derived from c-Cbl-associated protein counteracts its inhibitory effect on enteric neural crest cell colonization in Hirschsprung disease.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Drowsiness alters the neural dynamics but not the core computations of multisensory integration.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

A Matter of Parameters: Tailored Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Enhances Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit Resonance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Proactive visual and motor prioritization differentially scale with cue reliability.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution
08:48

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Published on: September 5, 2012

12.4K

Persistent Spiking Activity Underlies Working Memory.

Christos Constantinidis1, Shintaro Funahashi2,3, Daeyeol Lee4,5,6,7

  • 1Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, cconstan@wakehealth.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent neural activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory tasks encodes information and impacts performance. However, alternative models challenge the necessity of persistent activity for working memory.

Keywords:
delay periodmonkeyneurophysiologyprefrontal cortexworking memory

More Related Videos

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.6K
Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution
08:48

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Published on: September 5, 2012

12.4K
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.6K
Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory relies on neural activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during delay periods.
  • Persistent neural activity in the PFC is traditionally thought to represent and maintain information.
  • Alternative models propose rhythmicity or synaptic plasticity as mechanisms for working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of persistent neural activity in prefrontal cortex during working memory.
  • To compare the persistent activity model with alternative working memory models.
  • To reconcile neurophysiological data with theoretical frameworks of working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neurophysiological data from working memory tasks.
  • Comparison of empirical findings with predictions from different working memory models.
  • Theoretical modeling of neural mechanisms underlying working memory.

Main Results:

  • Persistent activity in the PFC during delay periods correlates with working memory performance.
  • Alternative models based on oscillatory activity or synaptic plasticity show inconsistencies with observed neurophysiological data.
  • The necessity of persistent activity for working memory is questioned.

Conclusions:

  • While persistent activity may play a role, it might not be the sole or essential mechanism for working memory.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the neural dynamics underlying working memory.
  • The findings challenge established models and suggest a need for revised theoretical frameworks.