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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

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Predicting Antigen Presentation-What Could We Learn From a Million Peptides?

David Gfeller1,2, Michal Bassani-Sternberg1,3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Predicting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding and antigen presentation is crucial for understanding immune responses. Recent advances, fueled by mass spectrometry data, significantly improve these predictions for infected or malignant cells.

Keywords:
T cell epitopeantigen presentationcomputational immunologyhuman leukocyte antigen ligand predictionhuman leukocyte antigen peptidomics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Antigen presentation by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules is central to immune recognition of abnormal cells.
  • Predicting peptide-HLA binding is vital for diagnostics and therapeutics, especially with advances in next-generation sequencing for pathogen and cancer variant identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in predicting HLA binding and antigen presentation in human cells.
  • To highlight the impact of mass spectrometry data on improving prediction accuracy and understanding HLA molecule properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental and computational studies on HLA ligand prediction.
  • Analysis of high-quality mass spectrometry data of eluted HLA ligands.
  • Focus on naturally presented HLA-I ligands.

Main Results:

  • Large-scale mass spectrometry data offer unprecedented opportunities to enhance antigen presentation predictions.
  • Recent studies demonstrate improved prediction of naturally presented HLA-I ligands.
  • Progress has been made in understanding HLA molecule properties through ligand data.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental and computational developments are significantly improving the prediction of HLA binding and antigen presentation.
  • These advancements facilitate the screening of potential epitopes for T cell recognition.
  • While predicting immunogenicity remains challenging, current progress aids in deciphering T cell recognition rules.