Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
Published on: June 5, 2020
In vitro toxicological evaluation of ethyl carbamate in human HepG2 cells
Xia Cui1, Jiayi Wang2, Nannan Qiu1
1Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment , Ministry of Health , China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021 , China .
Abstract:
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a multi-site carcinogen in experiment animals and probably carcinogenic to humans (IARC group 2A). The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of EC on human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. The results revealed that EC inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis indicated that high concentration of EC induced cell apoptosis, inhibited the G1 to S phase transition along with increased expression of p53 and p21 and decreased the expression of cyclin E and Cdk 2, but no significant change in p27 expression was observed, which were evidenced by both real time PCR and western blotting analyses. Moreover, the results of the DCFH-DA assay suggested that oxidative stress was involved in the cytotoxic effects of EC. Altogether, the present work indicated that p21, cyclin E and Cdk2, which were regulated by p53, might account for the effect of EC on cell viability and cell cycle arrest, but p27 was not involved in the pathway in HepG2 cells treated with EC.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
In-vitro Mutagenesis
Nursing Evaluation
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias
In Vitro Fertilization
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

