Second-generation cryoballoon ablation for recurrent atrial fibrillation after an index cryoballoon procedure: a...

Currently, information on the optimal approach of redo procedures for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is limited. Radiofrequency ablation is the preferred technique, with reported success rates of 50-70% at 1-2 years, whereas only few reports exist on redo cryoballoon (CB) ablations. We describe outcomes on a systematic approach of repeat procedures with a second-generation cryoballoon (CB-2) after a successful index CB ablation.

Cohort study of 40 consecutive patients with recurrent PAF (55% male), median CHA₂DS₂-VASc score 1 (IQR 0-3). Per protocol, a staged variable balloon size strategy was followed with a different balloon size during the redo as compared to the index procedure. Minimal follow-up was 12 months (median 17 months [IQR 14-39]).

Overall, 120 pulmonary veins (PVs) (75%) showed chronic isolation: 64% (41/64) for first-generation cryoballoon (CB-1) and 82% (79/96) for CB-2 index procedures, respectively (p = 0.01). The overall mean number of reconnected PVs per patient was 1.0 (40/40): 1.4 for CB-1 and 0.7 for CB-2 index procedures (p = 0.008). Phrenic nerve palsies (n = 7) resolved before the end of the procedure. At 1 year, 70% of patients were free of recurrent AF. In multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of recurrence was the number of prior cardioversions.

A systematic approach of repeat procedures with a CB-2 using a different balloon size than during the index CB ablation is safe, with acceptable 1-year outcomes. Future comparative studies on the optimal redo technique and approach are warranted to further improve rhythm control in AF.