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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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[Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy].

Sagara Wijayasinghe1, Alexandre Bentvelzen1, Cécile Guenot2

  • 1Service des urgences, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|August 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy requires prompt treatment to prevent severe maternal and fetal health risks. Early intervention with safe, effective therapies is crucial for minimizing complications and public health impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy is a prevalent condition.
  • Untreated symptoms can escalate to severe forms, including hyperemesis gravidarum.
  • These severe forms pose significant morbidity risks to both mother and fetus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of minimizing nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.
  • To emphasize the risks associated with untreated or delayed treatment.
  • To advocate for early and effective management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review of the clinical presentation and consequences of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
  • Focus is on the diagnostic criteria and potential complications.
  • Discussion of the role of timely and appropriate treatment.

Main Results:

  • Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy can lead to severe conditions with serious health consequences.
  • Hyperemesis gravidarum presents with nonspecific manifestations and metabolic disturbances.
  • Early treatment is associated with the prevention of severe outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are essential.
  • Effective treatments are available to mitigate risks.
  • Minimizing the impact of this condition is vital for maternal and fetal well-being.