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Insights into the Noncoding RNA-encoded Peptides.

Jinchang Pan1,2, Xiaodan Meng1,2, Nan Jiang1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ315211, China.

Protein and Peptide Letters
|August 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be translated into functional peptides (ncPEPs). This review details microRNA-encoded peptides, a long ncRNA-encoded peptide regulating mTORC1, and a circular RNA-encoded protein impacting ion exchange.

Keywords:
Large intergenic ncRNAscircular RNAinternal ribosomal entry siteslong ncRNAmammalian target rapamycin complex 1ncRNA-encoded peptides.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Most noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts function directly, not as encoded peptides.
  • Ribosome occupancy studies suggest some large intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) may be translated.
  • lincRNAs can possess translation elements like Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRES) or short Open Reading Frames (sORFs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the translatability of ncRNAs.
  • To discuss the functions of ncRNA-encoded peptides (ncPEPs).
  • To provide insights into the roles of ncPEPs in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ncRNA translation and peptide function.
  • Analysis of mechanisms enabling ncRNA translation (e.g., IRES, sORFs).
  • Categorization and description of different types of ncPEPs.

Main Results:

  • Three major types of ncPEPs are discussed: miPEPs, lncRNA-sORF-encoded peptides, and circRNA-encoded peptides.
  • miPEPs promote plant root development.
  • A lncRNA-encoded peptide regulates mTORC1 activity and muscle regeneration.
  • A circRNA-encoded peptide exhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity.
  • The majority of ncRNAs are not translated.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs can encode functional peptides (ncPEPs) with diverse roles.
  • ncPEPs are involved in plant development, metabolic regulation, and ion transport.
  • Understanding ncPEP functions offers novel insights into cellular processes and potential therapeutic targets.