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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.8K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.9K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.3K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.3K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.0K

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Related Experiment Video

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Technique for Isolation and Culture of Rat Jaw Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Technique for Isolation and Culture of Rat Jaw Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Solid malignant metastases in the jaw bones.

A Andabak Rogulj1, C Tomasovic Loncaric2, D Muller2

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Croatia.

The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metastatic tumors in the jawbone are rare but often originate from kidney, lung, or breast cancer. Early suspicion is crucial as jaw metastases can be the first sign of advanced cancer.

Keywords:
epidemiologic characteristicsjaw bonesmetastasessolid cancers

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Metastatic tumors to the jawbones are infrequent, typically occurring in advanced cancer stages.
  • Certain primary cancers, including lung, breast, and kidney, exhibit a higher propensity for jaw metastasis.
  • Diagnosis of oral metastatic lesions can be challenging due to their rarity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with metastatic tumors to the jawbones.
  • To identify common primary tumor sites, metastatic patterns, and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 4,478 patients treated between 2002-2017.
  • Focus on 10 patients diagnosed with metastatic tumors to the jawbones.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, primary tumor site, metastasis location, clinical presentation, and survival intervals.

Main Results:

  • The study identified 10 cases of jaw metastases, with primary sites including kidney (5), lung (2), breast (1), and colon (1).
  • The mandible was more frequently affected (7 cases) than the maxilla (3 cases). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (6 cases).
  • In most patients (7/10), the primary tumor was diagnosed before the jaw metastasis; for 3 patients, jaw metastasis was the initial sign of cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Metastases to the jawbones are rare but should be suspected in patients with known advanced cancers, particularly those of the kidney, lung, or breast.
  • Jaw metastases can present as the first clinical manifestation of metastatic disease.
  • Increased awareness and suspicion are vital for timely diagnosis and management of these challenging cases.