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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Current Advances in COPD Imaging.

Jeffrey Thiboutot1, Wu Yuan2, Hyeon-Cheol Park2

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Academic Radiology
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT) offer new ways to understand Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These methods provide detailed views of airway changes, aiding in research and potential therapies.

Keywords:
COPDOptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Technology

Background:

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) significantly impacts respiratory health.
  • Current understanding of COPD pathogenesis relies on various imaging modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in imaging technologies for COPD.
  • To introduce Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) as a novel airway imaging tool.

Main Methods:

  • Unstructured review of published evidence on pulmonary imaging.
  • Demonstration of state-of-the-art OCT for in vivo airway imaging in humans and animals.

Main Results:

  • Advanced techniques like hyperpolarized gas MR imaging, micro-CT, and OCT enhance COPD understanding.
  • OCT visualizes airway wall microstructure (epithelium, smooth muscle, vasculature, cartilage) in real-time.
  • Lung densitometry and MR ventilation scans offer insights into COPD phenotypes and airflow obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging modalities are crucial for deepening the comprehension of COPD.
  • OCT provides a unique capability for in vivo, longitudinal evaluation of airway changes in COPD patients.