Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

985
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
985
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

1.5K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.5K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

629
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
629
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture

684
Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
684
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

1.1K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.1K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

541
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
541

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indian Council of Medical Research's network of pulmonary fibrosis (INPF): A big step forward towards understanding interstitial lung diseases in India.

Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society·2026
Same author

Abnormal Liver Function at the Time of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in South India.

Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine·2026
Same author

Amplatzer Vascular Plugs to the rescue of Bronchopleural Pleural Fistula and Persistent Air Leak.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis: A Hospital-Based Observational Study.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Assessment of alveolar capillary membrane permeability using technetium 99m-diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Tc99m-DTPA) aerosols in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis - a cross-sectional study.

Expert review of medical devices·2025
Same author

Diagnostic accuracy of urine lipoarabinomannan in presumptive TB patients in South India - A cross-sectional study.

The Indian journal of tuberculosis·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
08:10

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test

Published on: April 9, 2012

81.9K

Same-day Smear Method Compared with Conventional Sputum Method for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Adimulam Ganga Ravindra1, Manju Rajaram2, Dharm Prakash Dwivedi1

  • 1Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND.

Cureus
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The conventional two-day sputum test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is more sensitive than the same-day method. While same-day testing improves patient compliance, it misses more TB cases, impacting diagnosis accuracy.

Keywords:
diagnosisearly morningmicroscopyspot samplesputum sampletuberculosis

More Related Videos

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

19.6K
A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay TB-MBLA
10:41

A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay TB-MBLA

Published on: April 30, 2020

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
08:10

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test

Published on: April 9, 2012

81.9K
The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

19.6K
A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay TB-MBLA
10:41

A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay TB-MBLA

Published on: April 30, 2020

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Patient compliance with the two-day Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme's (RNTCP) diagnostic process for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is poor in high case load settings.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends same-day sputum testing to reduce diagnostic dropouts in high-burden TB countries.
  • Comparative data on the accuracy and agreement of same-day versus conventional TB diagnostic methods are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess and compare the smear positivity rates of same-day and conventional sputum examination methods for diagnosing sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and agreement between two sputum collection strategies for TB diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, analytical, nonrandomized comparative study was conducted on presumptive TB patients.
  • Three sputum samples were collected: first spot, second spot (1 hour later), and early morning (next day).
  • The same-day method used the first and second spot samples; the conventional method used the first spot and early morning sample.

Main Results:

  • The conventional method diagnosed 188 TB cases, while the same-day method diagnosed 181 cases, missing eight cases.
  • Sputum positivity rates were 18.8% for same-day and 19.5% for conventional methods.
  • The sensitivity was 95.76% for same-day microscopy and 99.5% for the conventional method.

Conclusions:

  • The conventional two-day sputum examination method demonstrated higher sensitivity for diagnosing sputum-positive pulmonary TB compared to the same-day approach.
  • Same-day sputum microscopy, while potentially improving compliance, may lead to missed TB diagnoses.
  • Further research is needed to optimize TB diagnostic strategies balancing accuracy and patient adherence.