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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
Published on: March 1, 2020
Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Sex Steroid Hormones
Iván Flores-Ramírez1,2, Noemi Baranda-Avila2, Elizabeth Langley2
1Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México.
Abstract:
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of tumor-initiating cells that express stem cell-associated markers. In recent years, their properties and mechanisms of regulation have become the focus of intense research due to their intrinsic resistance to conventional cancer therapies. This review describes breast cancer stem cell origin, signaling pathways involved in self-renewal, such as Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog, biomarkers linked to stemness, and the role of sex steroid hormones in BCSC regulation.
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