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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

918
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
918
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

821
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
821
Language Development01:22

Language Development

920
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
920
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

804
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
804
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.9K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
3.9K
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

480
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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[Multilingual children and language impairment].

Brigitte Eisenwort1, Anna Felnhofer1, Claudia Klier1

  • 11 Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität, Wien.

Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing language learning difficulties from specific language impairment (SLI) in multilingual children is crucial for educational success. Assessment in the child's native language is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
DiagnostikMehrsprachigkeitMigration backgroundMigrationshintergrundSprachentwicklungSprachentwicklungsstörungassessmentdevelopmentdisorders of languagelanguage developmentmultilingualism

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children with migration backgrounds often face challenges with second language acquisition, impacting educational outcomes.
  • The diversity of languages and limited linguistic descriptions hinder the development of valid assessment tools.
  • A diagnostic dilemma exists in differentiating second language learning difficulties from specific language impairment (SLI) in multilingual children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on language development and impairment in multilingual children.
  • To provide suggestions for addressing challenges in assessing language skills in multilingual populations.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering a child's linguistic background in diagnostic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature review.
  • Analysis of linguistic profiles in multilingual children.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and assessment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Multilingual children may exhibit language profiles that mimic SLI, complicating diagnosis.
  • The prevalence of clinically significant language disorders is presumed to be similar in multilingual and monolingual children.
  • Subtle cognitive weaknesses can be present in both multilingual and monolingual children.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of language disorders in multilingual children requires careful differentiation from typical second language acquisition.
  • Language assessment in the child's mother tongue is vital for children with migration backgrounds experiencing significant language acquisition challenges.
  • Comprehensive assessment must consider potential language disorders in psychiatrically ill multilingual and monolingual children.