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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
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Visual Snow: Visual Misperception.

Owen B White1, Meaghan Clough, Allison M McKendrick

  • 1Department of Neurosciences (OBW, MC, JF), Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Prahran, Australia; and Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences (AMM), Melbourne University, Parkville, Australia.

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a distinct neurological condition characterized by visual disturbances and often co-occurring symptoms like migraine. Research suggests VSS involves sensory processing abnormalities, not psychogenic causes, supporting its classification as a true neurological entity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual snow (VS) is a persistent visual disturbance of flickering dots.
  • Visual snow syndrome (VSS) includes VS, palinopsia, photophobia, and tinnitus.
  • VSS often co-occurs with migraine and is sometimes misattributed to psychogenic causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish VSS as a distinct clinical entity.
  • To clarify the nature of VSS symptoms and their interrelationships.
  • To differentiate VSS from migraine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical presentation.
  • Inclusion of psychophysical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of patient data with defined visual disturbances.

Main Results:

  • VSS may involve subcortical network dysfunction and cortical hyperexcitation.
  • Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies show distinct processing abnormalities in VSS compared to migraine.
  • Significant overlap exists between VSS and other sensory processing disorders.

Conclusions:

  • VSS is likely linked to hyperactive visual cortices or impaired afferent information processing.
  • VSS results from widespread sensory processing disturbances leading to misperceptions.
  • Understanding VSS may offer insights into related conditions like migraine and tinnitus.