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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

21.7K
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the...
21.7K
Impulse Response01:17

Impulse Response

761
The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
Kirchhoff's law forms an input signal equation, with the capacitor's current and voltage providing the output. Substituting the current and dividing by RC yields a differential equation. The output for an impulse input is the impulse...
761
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.3K
Principle of Impulse and Moment01:15

Principle of Impulse and Moment

524
When one considers a rigid body undergoing a plane motion, which is essentially a blend of translational and rotational movement, the application of Newton's second law gives the formula for the translational movement of such a body. If this equation is multiplied by a time interval, dt, and then integrated over the limits of integration, it results in an equation that embodies the principle of linear impulse.
524
Impulse-Momentum Theorem00:49

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

19.4K
The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is called impulse, a vector quantity with the same direction as the total force acting on the object.
By writing Newton's second law of motion in terms of the momentum of an object and the external force acting on it, and simultaneously using the definition of the impulse vector, it can be shown that the total impulse on an object is equal to its...
19.4K
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

19.6K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
19.6K

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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
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tDCS in Addiction and Impulse Control Disorders.

Olivia M Lapenta, Lucas M Marques, Gabriel G Rego

    The Journal of ECT
    |August 11, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise for treating addiction by modulating brain networks involved in reward and executive control. Further research is needed to optimize tDCS parameters for clinical application in addiction and impulse control disorders.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Neuromodulation

    Background:

    • Addiction and impulse control disorders involve neurobiological alterations in reward, stress, and executive control brain networks.
    • Continued substance use leads to brain adaptations that maintain addictive behaviors.
    • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique showing potential in altering cognitive and motor functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the neurobiology of addiction and cognitive models of addictive behavior.
    • To clarify how tDCS modulates the intake and craving of various addictive substances.
    • To discuss the outcomes of tDCS in treating addiction disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on addiction neurobiology.
    • Review of cognitive models of addictive behavior.
    • Analysis of tDCS application in modulating craving and intake of substances like food, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, and cannabis.

    Main Results:

    • tDCS has demonstrated promising effects in modulating cognitive functions relevant to addiction.
    • The review discusses both positive and null outcomes of tDCS in treating substance use disorders.
    • tDCS interventions show potential clinical avenues for addiction and impulse control.

    Conclusions:

    • tDCS interventions offer promising therapeutic possibilities for addiction and impulse control disorders.
    • Methodological investigations are required to determine optimal tDCS parameters for clinical implementation.
    • Further research is essential to fully establish tDCS as a viable treatment for addiction.