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Update on thirdhand smoke: A comprehensive systematic review.

Ana Díez-Izquierdo1, Pia Cassanello-Peñarroya1, Cristina Lidón-Moyano2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Paediatrics Department, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.

Environmental Research
|August 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure poses health risks, with studies showing harmful effects in cells, animals, and humans. Public awareness of THS dangers remains low, necessitating greater educational emphasis.

Keywords:
Residual tobacco smokeThird hand smokeThirdhand smoke

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the residual contamination from tobacco smoke that remains on surfaces and in dust after the smoke has cleared.
  • Exposure to THS is a growing public health concern due to its persistence and potential health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review on all aspects of thirdhand smoke (THS).
  • To synthesize current knowledge regarding THS composition, exposure, health effects, and public awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, WOS) and grey literature up to April 2018.
  • Inclusion of 68 articles, with data extraction and assessment following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Analysis of studies measuring THS components like nicotine, nitrosamines, and cotinine using techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • The review included studies analyzing THS composition, health impacts (cytotoxicity, metabolic alterations, organ effects in models), and public beliefs/behaviors.
  • Nicotine, nitrosamines, and cotinine were common biomarkers; chromatography and mass spectrometry were frequent analytical methods.
  • Findings indicate potential health impacts of THS exposure and low public awareness of associated risks.

Conclusions:

  • THS exposure demonstrates harmful effects on health across cellular, animal, and human models, including children.
  • Long-term health effects in humans require further investigation.
  • Increased emphasis on THS education and awareness policies is crucial due to poor public understanding of its risks.