Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

647
Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
647
Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

50.4K
The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
50.4K
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

65.3K
Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...
65.3K
The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

178.7K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
178.7K
Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

63.0K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
63.0K
Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

1.2K
In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Auditory neuromodulation-based prescription digital therapeutic for insomnia disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (SERENE).

Trials·2026
Same author

Predictors of in-hospital case-fatality in patients with stroke at the National Hospital of the Kyrgyz Republic: a retrospective cohort study.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

Correction: Impact of mask-wearing on emotion recognition accuracy and fixation duration in young children.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Risk perception and behavioural intentions in a nuclear host community: evidence from Wolsong, South Korea.

Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection·2026
Same author

Exposure to Nanoplastics Disrupts Neurotransmitter Release in Rat Hippocampal Neurons.

Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Impact of mask-wearing on emotion recognition accuracy and fixation duration in young children.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System
05:43

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Published on: October 21, 2022

3.1K

Fabrication of a Urea Biosensor for Real-Time Dynamic Fluid Measurement.

Kyunghee Kim1,2,3, Jeongeun Lee4,5,6, Bo Mi Moon7

  • 1Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea. facility.hee@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new portable electrochemical urea sensor was developed for real-time monitoring. This device accurately measures urea concentration in flowing samples, showing linear performance for peritoneal dialysis applications.

Keywords:
aminationflow conditionsreal-time monitoringsilk fibroinurea biosensor

More Related Videos

FRET Microscopy for Real-time Monitoring of Signaling Events in Live Cells Using Unimolecular Biosensors
10:34

FRET Microscopy for Real-time Monitoring of Signaling Events in Live Cells Using Unimolecular Biosensors

Published on: August 20, 2012

23.8K
Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown
04:56

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Published on: June 27, 2025

642

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System
05:43

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

Published on: October 21, 2022

3.1K
FRET Microscopy for Real-time Monitoring of Signaling Events in Live Cells Using Unimolecular Biosensors
10:34

FRET Microscopy for Real-time Monitoring of Signaling Events in Live Cells Using Unimolecular Biosensors

Published on: August 20, 2012

23.8K
Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown
04:56

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Published on: June 27, 2025

642

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Urea concentration monitoring is crucial for managing conditions like chronic kidney disease.
  • Existing methods for urea detection can be time-consuming or require complex laboratory setups.
  • Continuous monitoring of urea levels in bodily fluids is needed for effective patient management, particularly during treatments like peritoneal dialysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a portable electrochemical sensor for continuous, real-time urea concentration monitoring.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance in flow conditions relevant to clinical applications.
  • To assess the sensor's linearity and stability within the clinically significant urea concentration range.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor using a porous silk fibroin membrane immobilized with urease.
  • Integration of the membrane into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sensor housing.
  • Testing the sensor's current-concentration characteristics under constant flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated urea sensor demonstrated linear current-concentration relationships.
  • The sensor operated effectively within the clinically significant urea concentration range (0.1–20 mM), relevant for peritoneal dialysis.
  • Consistent linear performance was maintained during continuous operation in flow conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A novel portable urea sensor capable of real-time measurement in flow conditions has been successfully developed.
  • The sensor exhibits reliable and linear performance, making it suitable for monitoring urea levels during peritoneal dialysis.
  • This technology offers a promising tool for continuous urea monitoring in clinical settings.