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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
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Normal Distribution01:11

Normal Distribution

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The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is...
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Normal Stress01:19

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Normal stress is a type of stress that occurs when forces act perpendicular, or normal, to a material's cross-sectional area. This stress often arises in structures when subjected to axial loading, which is the application of force along the axis of an object. A practical example of this can be found in bridge truss members.
When a rod is under axial loading, the internal forces and corresponding stress are normal to the plane of the section, so it is termed normal stress. It's important to...
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Subtalar Joint Biomechanics: From Normal to Pathologic.

Adam Sangeorzan1, Bruce Sangeorzan2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Box 359798, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|August 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The subtalar joint

Keywords:
Dynamic varusFlatfootHindfoot mechanicsPeritalar jointSubtalar jointSubtalar joint axisValgusVarus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Subtalar joint biomechanics are influenced by articular shape and soft tissues.
  • Joint motion occurs around a single, medially and superiorly oriented axis.
  • Gait-dependent joint forces are affected by hindfoot alignment and anatomical changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of subtalar joint axis in foot pathologies.
  • To understand the contribution of subtalar joint biomechanics to acquired flat foot and cavus foot conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of subtalar joint articulations and soft tissue contributions.
  • Examination of joint axis orientation and its relation to gait.
  • Correlation of hindfoot alignment and anatomical variations with joint forces.

Main Results:

  • A valgus subtalar joint axis is a significant risk factor for adult acquired flat foot progression.
  • The subtalar joint axis plays a role in the presentation of cavus foot.
  • Specific patient subsets with dynamic varus exhibit altered subtalar joint axis contributions.

Conclusions:

  • Subtalar joint axis characteristics are critical in developing adult acquired flat foot.
  • Understanding subtalar joint biomechanics is essential for diagnosing and managing cavus foot and dynamic varus.