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Sensorimotor lateralization scaffolds cognitive specialization.

Claudia L R Gonzalez1, Nicole A van Rootselaar1, Robbin L Gibb2

  • 1The Brain in Action Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.

Progress in Brain Research
|August 12, 2018
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Summary

This review explores brain hemisphere specialization for sensorimotor and cognitive functions. It suggests that sensorimotor lateralization laid the groundwork for complex cognitive abilities, linking them intrinsically.

Keywords:
Executive functionGraspingHapticsLeft hemisphereMusical trainingNumerical processingRight hemisphereSpatial abilitiesSpeechVisuomotor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Hemispheric specialization is a key feature of brain organization.
  • Sensorimotor functions exhibit distinct lateralization patterns.
  • Cognitive abilities like language and executive function are also lateralized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hemispheric differences in sensorimotor and cognitive functions.
  • To examine the interplay between sensorimotor control and higher cognitive abilities.
  • To propose a model where sensorimotor lateralization underpins cognitive specialization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hemispheric specialization.
  • Analysis of studies on visuomotor and haptic processing.
  • Synthesis of research on language, executive function, spatial, and numerical processing.

Main Results:

  • Left hemisphere shows specialization for visuomotor control, language, executive function, and musical training.
  • Right hemisphere demonstrates lateralization for haptic processing, spatial, and numerical processing.
  • Sensorimotor functions are proposed as foundational for cognitive development and specialization.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebral lateralization of sensorimotor functions likely preceded and facilitated higher cognitive specialization.
  • Sensorimotor and cognitive functions are fundamentally interconnected.
  • Sensorimotor control acts as a core mechanism supporting the integration of diverse cognitive processes.