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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Establishment and Histological Analysis of Esophageal Organoids Modeling the Progression from Normal to Cancerous Tissues
Published on: May 30, 2025
TRIM44 promotes human esophageal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway
Dian Xiong1,2, Chun Jin2,3, Xudong Ye1
1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China.
Abstract:
Aberrant expression of TRIM-containing protein 44 (TRIM44) acts as a promoter in multiple cancers. Here, we investigated the biological functions and clinical significance of TRIM44 in human esophageal cancer (HEC). TRIM44 expression was significantly higher in HEC tissues than corresponding normal tissues at both the mRNA (2.42 ± 0.52 vs 0.99 ± 0.25) and protein (1.01 ± 0.27 vs 0.30 ± 0.13) levels. Patients with high TRIM44 expression showed poor differentiation (P = 1.39 × 10-5 ), advanced TNM stage (P = 3.87 × 10-4 ) and, most importantly, significantly poorer prognosis (P = 2.80 × 10-5 ). TRIM44 played a crucial role in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). A significant correlation was observed between TRIM44 and Ki67 expression. We demonstrated that TRIM44 markedly enhanced HEC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, TRIM44 was involved in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream targets, such as STAT3 phosphorylation. Thus, elevated TRIM44 expression promotes HEC development by EMT via the AKT/mTOR pathway, and TRIM44 may be a novel prognostic indicator for HEC patients after curative resection.
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