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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

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Three-dimensional Location Approach with Silk Thread Guided Laparoscopic Segmentectomy for Liver Tumor
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Three-dimensional Location Approach with Silk Thread Guided Laparoscopic Segmentectomy for Liver Tumor

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Fluorescence-guided surgery for liver tumors.

Yuichi Nakaseko1, Takeaki Ishizawa1, Akio Saiura1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Surgical Oncology
|August 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green helps surgeons identify liver tumors and bile ducts. This technique improves the precision of both open and laparoscopic liver surgeries.

Keywords:
colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM)fluorescence imaginghepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)indocyanine green (ICG)liver resection

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate tumor localization and anatomical delineation are critical in hepatobiliary surgery.
  • Subcapsular liver tumors, bile duct anatomy, and hepatic segmental boundaries present surgical challenges.
  • Conventional imaging may have limitations in real-time intraoperative visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in hepatobiliary surgery.
  • To assess the capability of ICG fluorescence for identifying hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and liver metastases.
  • To determine if ICG imaging enhances visualization of extrahepatic bile ducts and liver segments.

Main Methods:

  • Preoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green in patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery.
  • Intraoperative use of fluorescence imaging to detect ICG accumulation in cancerous and noncancerous tissues.
  • Visualization of extrahepatic bile duct anatomy and hepatic segmental boundaries using fluorescence imaging.

Main Results:

  • Indocyanine green accumulated in cancerous tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • ICG fluorescence highlighted noncancerous hepatic parenchyma surrounding intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastases.
  • Fluorescence imaging effectively visualized extrahepatic bile duct anatomy and hepatic segmental boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging is a valuable tool for identifying subcapsular liver tumors.
  • This technique aids in precise delineation of liver segments and extrahepatic bile ducts.
  • ICG fluorescence imaging enhances surgical accuracy in both open and laparoscopic hepatectomy.