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Denosumab does not decrease the risk of lung metastases from bone giant cell tumour.

Shinji Tsukamoto1, Andreas F Mavrogenis2, Giulio Leone3

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Denosumab does not appear to prevent lung metastases in patients with giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone. Type of surgery and local recurrence are key predictors for lung metastases in GCT patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a primary bone tumor with a potential for lung metastasis.
  • Conflicting reports exist regarding the efficacy of denosumab in preventing lung metastases in GCT patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if denosumab administration prevents lung metastasis in GCT patients.
  • To identify predictors for lung metastases in GCT patients, including surgical factors and denosumab use.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 381 GCT patients treated with surgery alone and 30 GCT patients treated with surgery and denosumab.
  • Evaluation of lung metastases, local recurrences, and predictors for lung metastases.
  • Median follow-up of 85.2 months.

Main Results:

  • Lung metastasis occurrence was similar between surgery alone (4.7%) and denosumab groups (3.3%).
  • Local recurrence rates were significantly higher in the denosumab group.
  • Type of surgery and local recurrence were identified as significant multivariate predictors for lung metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Denosumab does not appear to reduce the risk of lung metastases in GCT patients.
  • Type of surgery and local recurrence are the primary predictors for lung metastases.
  • The small number of lung metastasis cases limits definitive conclusions on denosumab's effect.