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Related Concept Videos

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Excipients and Impurities-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:19

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Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Pharmaceutical Approval Update.

Mary Choy

    P & T : a Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management
    |August 14, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lofexidine hydrochloride (Lucemyra) aids opioid withdrawal, erenumab-aooe (Aimovig) treats migraine, and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) manages hyperkalemia. These medications offer new therapeutic options for distinct medical conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Drug Development

    Background:

    • Opioid withdrawal presents significant clinical challenges.
    • Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder impacting millions globally.
    • Hyperkalemia is a serious electrolyte imbalance requiring effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the efficacy and safety of lofexidine hydrochloride for opioid withdrawal.
    • To evaluate erenumab-aooe as a novel treatment for migraine prevention.
    • To assess the role of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in managing hyperkalemia.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical trial data and pharmacological studies.
    • Analysis of patient outcomes and adverse event profiles.
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments.

    Main Results:

    • Lofexidine hydrochloride demonstrated efficacy in reducing withdrawal symptoms.
    • Erenumab-aooe showed significant reductions in monthly migraine days.
    • Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate effectively lowered serum potassium levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Lofexidine hydrochloride provides a valuable option for opioid withdrawal management.
    • Erenumab-aooe represents a targeted therapy advancement for migraine.
    • Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate offers a new approach to hyperkalemia treatment.