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Related Concept Videos

Numerical Calculations01:24

Numerical Calculations

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In engineering applications, the representation of the numerical value is critical. Presenting or reporting the answer is one of the essential parts of engineering practices. Numerical calculations are performed using handheld calculators or computers since numerically accurate answers are always preferred.
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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How Data are Classified: Numerical Data00:59

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Data that are countable or measurable in specific units are called numerical or quantitative data. Quantitative data are always numbers. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring the attributes of a population. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in a town, and number of students who opt for statistics are examples of quantitative data.
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The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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A novel patient-oriented numerical procedure for glaucoma drainage devices.

Alessandro Mauro1, Nicola Massarotti1, Salahudeen Mohamed1

  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|August 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically simulates four glaucoma drainage devices using a novel patient-specific eye model. Results predict the impact of these implants on intraocular pressure and fluid dynamics for glaucoma treatment.

Keywords:
generalised porous medium modelglaucoma drainage devicesglaucoma surgeryhuman eyenumerical modellingpatient oriented

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Effective intraocular pressure (IOP) management is crucial for glaucoma treatment.
  • Current surgical interventions aim to improve aqueous humor outflow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the performance of four distinct glaucoma drainage devices.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these devices in managing intraocular pressure.
  • To compare pre-operative and post-operative conditions using a novel numerical approach.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a patient-oriented numerical procedure using 3D geometry reconstruction from tomographic images.
  • Employed a generalized porous medium approach for modeling ocular tissues and cavities.
  • Performed thermo-fluid dynamics modeling on the reconstructed computational domain of the human eye.

Main Results:

  • Predicted the effects of four glaucoma drainage devices (ExPRESS shunt, iStent inject, SOLX gold micro shunt, novel silicon shunt) on IOP.
  • Analyzed changes in aqueous humor velocity, pressure, friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number.
  • Demonstrated clear distinctions between pre-operative and post-operative eye conditions for different surgical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The novel numerical procedure provides valuable insights into glaucoma drainage device performance.
  • The study highlights the potential of computational modeling in predicting surgical outcomes for glaucoma.
  • Results aid in understanding the biomechanical impact of various glaucoma surgical techniques on the eye.