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Related Concept Videos

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Trachea01:22

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation
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Trachea Engineering Using a Centrifugation Method and Mouse-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Qiliang Zhou1, Xulu Ye1, Qingsong Ran1

  • 11 Department of Medical Oncology and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata, Japan .

Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods
|August 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study explored tracheal regeneration using decellularized rat scaffolds and mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. While challenges like airway stenosis occurred, one trachea engineered with iPS cells showed promising re-epithelialization, suggesting potential for transplantation.

Keywords:
centrifugation methoddecellularized tracheal scaffoldmouse iPS cellstrachea engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tracheal transplantation outcomes for airway stenosis are currently unsatisfactory.
  • Developing functional tissue-engineered tracheas is crucial for treating airway diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of regenerating a trachea using decellularized rat tracheal scaffolds and mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
  • To establish an efficient method for recellularizing tracheal scaffolds for in vivo transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Rat tracheas were decellularized using detergent/enzymatic treatment.
  • A centrifugation method was developed to seed cells onto the luminal surface of decellularized scaffolds.
  • Mouse iPS cells, differentiated into definitive endoderm cells, were transplanted onto scaffolds for in vivo studies in rats.

Main Results:

  • Scaffolds without cells or with rat tracheal epithelial cells resulted in survival up to 1 month, but with airway stenosis.
  • One rat transplanted with an iPS cell-engineered trachea survived over 5 weeks.
  • Histological analysis revealed airway stenosis due to undifferentiated iPS cell proliferation in one case, but also observed re-epithelialization with ciliated cells in another.

Conclusions:

  • A simple and efficient tracheal tissue engineering model was developed using a centrifugation method in a small-animal model.
  • Tissue-engineered tracheas using decellularized scaffolds and iPS cells show potential applicability for tracheal transplantation.
  • Further optimization is needed to overcome challenges like undifferentiated cell proliferation and ensure long-term patency.