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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index.

Tatsuro Ibe1, Hiroshi Wada1, Kenichi Sakakura1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University.

International Heart Journal
|August 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Lower right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) is linked to worse outcomes in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients with low RVSWI faced higher rates of heart failure death or readmission, indicating its prognostic value.

Keywords:
Heart failurePre-capillary pulmonary hypertensionRight ventricular functionRight ventricular hemodynamicsRight-sided heart failure

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) management has improved, yet right-sided heart failure (HF) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Right ventricular (RV) function and hemodynamics, particularly the RV stroke work index (RVSWI), are crucial in right-sided HF.
  • The prognostic implications of RVSWI in long-term outcomes for pre-capillary PH patients are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical characteristics between patients with low and high RVSWI in pre-capillary PH.
  • To investigate the association between low RVSWI and long-term outcomes, specifically HF death or readmission, in pre-capillary PH.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 36 patients with pre-capillary PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic PH) diagnosed via right heart catheterization (2007-2015).
  • Patients were stratified into low RVSWI (< 19.7 g·m/m²/beat) and high RVSWI (≥ 19.7 g·m/m²/beat) groups based on the median value.
  • Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess event-free survival rates related to HF death or readmission.

Main Results:

  • The study included 18 patients in the low RVSWI group and 18 in the high RVSWI group.
  • Patients with low RVSWI exhibited a significantly lower event-free survival rate compared to those with high RVSWI (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Lower RVSWI is significantly associated with an increased risk of heart failure death or readmission in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic PH.
  • RVSWI serves as a valuable hemodynamic indicator for predicting long-term adverse outcomes in pre-capillary PH.
  • Further research may explore therapeutic strategies targeting RV function to improve outcomes in patients with low RVSWI.