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Bidirectional adaptive introgression between two ecologically divergent sparrow species.

Jennifer Walsh1,2, Adrienne I Kovach3, Brian J Olsen4

  • 1Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York 14850.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|August 14, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural hybridization between saltmarsh and Nelson

Keywords:
AdaptationAmmospiza caudacutaAmmospiza nelsonigenomicsintrogressionreproductive isolation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Speciation Research

Background:

  • Natural hybrid zones offer insights into evolutionary processes like reproductive isolation and adaptive variation transfer.
  • Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacuta) and Nelson's (A. nelsoni) sparrows hybridize, presenting a model system due to their genetic differentiation and ecological divergence.
  • Nelson's sparrows' recent colonization of saltwater marshes suggests potential for adaptive introgression from this lineage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genomic patterns of introgression and divergence in a natural sparrow hybrid zone.
  • To identify genomic regions associated with adaptation to tidal marsh environments.
  • To understand the role of adaptive introgression in the speciation process.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of 34 individuals from allopatric and sympatric populations of saltmarsh and Nelson's sparrows.
  • Analysis of genome-wide FST to compare genetic differentiation between allopatric and sympatric populations.
  • Characterization of introgression patterns across the genome to identify regions with biased gene flow.

Main Results:

  • Ongoing gene flow significantly impacts the genomic landscape, with lower FST in sympatric versus allopatric populations.
  • Specific genomic regions show biased introgression, suggesting selection on introgressed alleles.
  • These regions are strong candidates for genes involved in tidal marsh adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization facilitates the transfer of adaptive variation, potentially accelerating adaptation in newly colonized environments.
  • Identifying regions of biased introgression is crucial for understanding the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation.
  • Analyzing both introgression and divergence landscapes provides a comprehensive view of evolutionary forces shaping hybrid zones.