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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
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Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

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A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
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Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

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Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
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Introduction to Chemical Reactions01:23

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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
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Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions01:16

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

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Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Chemical Gardens as Flow-through Reactors Simulating Natural Hydrothermal Systems
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Sparsity Facilitates Chemical-Reaction Selection for Engine Simulations.

Gina M Magnotti, Zihan Wang, Wei Liu

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
    |August 14, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a sparse regression method for efficient chemical-reaction selection in complex engine simulations. This approach significantly reduces computational cost while accurately identifying key reactions for detailed chemical analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational chemistry
    • Chemical engineering
    • Combustion science

    Background:

    • Analyzing detailed chemical kinetics in large-scale engine simulations is computationally intensive.
    • Accurate chemical-reaction selection is crucial but challenging due to long simulation times.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient method for chemical-reaction selection in realistic engine simulations.
    • To leverage sparsity and global sensitivity analysis for computational cost reduction.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized sparse regression for global sensitivity analysis.
    • Developed a procedure for efficient chemical-reaction selection using a limited number of simulations.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that sparsity facilitates effective chemical-reaction selection.
    • Enabled detailed analysis of ignition chemistry evolution in engine simulations.
    • Allowed for spatial study of selected chemical reactions' development.

    Conclusions:

    • Sparse regression-based sensitivity analysis offers an efficient approach to chemical-reaction selection.
    • This method significantly reduces the computational burden of analyzing complex combustion chemistry.
    • Facilitates in-depth understanding of ignition processes in engines.