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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Mind the Gap: From Tool to Knowledge Base.

Michaela Th Mayrhofer1, Irene Schlünder1,2

  • 1BBMRI-ERIC, Graz, Austria.

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|August 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI) Knowledge Base offers self-serve support for researchers in transnational biobanking and biomolecular research. It provides user-friendly, practical guidance to promote responsible research practices.

Keywords:
ELSIdata protectiondata sharingguidanceknowledge baseservice

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Area of Science:

  • Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research
  • Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues (ELSI) in Research

Background:

  • The Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC) Common Service ELSI provides crucial ethical, legal, and societal support.
  • Existing support mechanisms include a dedicated ELSI Helpdesk offering customized assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the ELSI Knowledge Base as a self-serve resource for researchers and biobankers.
  • To provide accessible, user-friendly information on ELSI to facilitate transnational research.
  • To bridge the knowledge gap by offering practical, hands-on guidance for responsible research conduct.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a user-friendly knowledge base accessible on a self-serve basis.
  • Information curated from multiple expert contributors.
  • Scenario-based approach with non-legalistic language.
  • Integration of FAQs, contract templates, informed consent forms, how-to guides, best-practice models, and scripts.

Main Results:

  • The ELSI Knowledge Base serves as a primary resource for orientation and detailed exploration of ELSI topics.
  • It offers practical tools and guidance, moving beyond lengthy legal texts.
  • Ensures long-term sustainability and accuracy through dedicated expert curation and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • The ELSI Knowledge Base is a vital component of the BBMRI-ERIC Common Service ELSI, enhancing support for researchers.
  • It promotes practical know-how and skills essential for conducting responsible research.
  • The resource is designed for broad applicability within the biological and medical sciences community.