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Considering Dogs as Complementary Targets of Chagas Disease Control
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|August 14, 2018
Summary
Dogs are significant reservoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease, in Latin America. Targeting infected dogs with insecticides could be a novel strategy to reduce domestic transmission of Chagas disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America.
- Canine populations exhibit high infection prevalence with T. cruzi, often exceeding human infection rates.
- Infected dogs pose a greater infectiousness risk to triatomine vectors than humans, highlighting their role in domestic transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of dogs in the domestic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in endemic Latin American countries.
- To evaluate the potential of canine intervention as a complementary Chagas disease control strategy.
Main Methods:
- Review of multiple studies on canine Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence and infectiousness.
- Evaluation of experimental data on systemic insecticides and deltamethrin-impregnated collars for canine intervention.
Main Results:
- Canine T. cruzi infection is frequent and associated with increased human infection risk.
- Dogs are significantly more infectious to triatomine vectors than humans.
- Experimental interventions in dogs show potential for reducing triatomine populations and domestic transmission.
Conclusions:
- Canine intervention, using insecticides or treated collars, could effectively curb domestic transmission of T. cruzi.
- Dog-targeted strategies may complement existing vector control measures, especially during interruptions in insecticide spraying.
- Further large-scale field studies are necessary to confirm the applicability and efficacy of canine intervention in Chagas disease control programs.
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