Vasa previa: prenatal diagnosis and management

Area of Science:

• Maternal-fetal medicine
• Prenatal diagnostics
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Vasa previa is a rare placental disorder with high perinatal risks if undetected.
• Identifiable risk factors are present in approximately 85% of cases, including assisted reproductive technology and placental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate current evidence on the prenatal diagnosis and management of vasa previa.
• To highlight the importance of early detection for improved perinatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent evidence on prenatal diagnosis and management strategies for vasa previa.
• Analysis of risk factors, diagnostic protocols, and surveillance strategies.

Main Results:

• Standardized prenatal targeted scanning protocols may enhance perinatal outcomes.
• No consensus exists on optimal surveillance, but outpatient management is feasible under specific conditions.
• National guidelines recommend scheduled cesarean delivery for asymptomatic vasa previa between 34-36 weeks.

Conclusions:

• Prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa is essential to prevent intrapartum fetal mortality.
• While universal screening lacks sufficient evidence, targeted screening for high-risk pregnancies is recommended.