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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

81.3K
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes to Monitor Heat Transfer between Gold Nanoparticles and Lipid Membranes
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Peripheral Membrane Proteins Facilitate Nanoparticle Binding at Lipid Bilayer Interfaces.

Eric S Melby1,2, Caley Allen3, Isabel U Foreman-Ortiz4

  • 1Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1525 Observatory Drive , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.

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Understanding how nanomaterials interact with cell membranes is key. Adding a protein, cytochrome c, to model membranes changed how anionic nanoparticles bind, revealing crucial surface chemistry effects for predicting nano-bio interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanomaterial interactions with cell membranes are vital for environmental and therapeutic applications.
  • Model systems like phospholipid bilayers offer insights but lack biological complexity.
  • Peripheral membrane proteins significantly influence nano-bio interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a peripheral membrane protein, cytochrome c, on the interaction of anionic nanoparticles with model cell membranes.
  • To elucidate the role of membrane composition and nanoparticle surface chemistry in these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized supported lipid bilayers with incorporated cytochrome c as a more complex model membrane system.
  • Employed experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations to study nanoparticle-membrane interactions.
  • Investigated interactions with gold nanoparticles functionalized with anionic ligands or an anionic polymer.

Main Results:

  • Cytochrome c binding to lipid bilayers is dependent on anionic phospholipid density and chemistry.
  • Anionic ligand-functionalized nanoparticles attached to cytochrome c-bound bilayers proportionally to bound cytochrome c.
  • Anionic polymer-wrapped nanoparticles removed cytochrome c from bilayers, inversely related to binding strength.

Conclusions:

  • The surface chemistry of both nanoparticles and membranes is critical for predicting nano-bio interactions.
  • Incorporating peripheral membrane proteins like cytochrome c significantly alters nanoparticle interactions with model membranes.
  • These findings advance the understanding of nano-bio interfaces for safer design and application of nanomaterials.