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Association between brain atrophy and cognitive motor interference in multiple sclerosis.

Giancarlo Coghe1, Giuseppe Fenu1, Lorena Lorefice1

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Via Is Guadazzonis 2, Cagliari 09126, Italy.

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Brain atrophy, particularly grey matter loss, significantly impacts cognitive motor interference (CMI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, affecting dual-task performance. This study links brain volume reduction to impaired gait in individuals with MS.

Keywords:
Brain atrophyCognitive motor interferenceDual taskMultiple sclerosisStroop color and word test

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cognitive motor interference (CMI) describes performance decline during simultaneous tasks, quantified by dual-task cost (DTC).
  • Currently, no specific pathological feature in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been definitively linked to CMI.
  • Understanding CMI determinants is crucial for managing gait disturbances in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain volumes and CMI, measured by DTC, in persons with MS (pwMS).
  • To determine if brain atrophy predicts dual-task gait impairment in MS.
  • To explore the role of grey matter volume in cognitive-motor interference.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving pwMS and healthy controls (HCs).
  • 3D gait analysis using a dual-task paradigm.
  • Brain volumetry via T1-weighted MRI (SIENAX); statistical analysis using Pearson correlation and multiple regression.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations between brain volumes and DTC for gait parameters (velocity, cadence, stride time) were observed exclusively in the pwMS group.
  • Grey matter (GM) volume and Stroop test performance significantly predicted the DTC of cadence (R²=0.684, p<0.001).
  • Higher brain atrophy, especially in GM, was associated with greater dual-task costs in pwMS.

Conclusions:

  • Brain atrophy, particularly grey matter loss, is a key determinant of dual-task cost in MS.
  • While brain volume is a major factor, other pathological markers also contribute to CMI in MS patients.
  • These findings highlight the importance of assessing brain structure in understanding gait deficits in MS.