Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist01:28

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist

5.1K
An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, from binding to the receptor and triggering a cellular response. Such interaction effectively hinders the normal physiological processes mediated by the receptor, resulting in various pharmacological effects depending on the specific receptor targeted.
Antagonists can be classified as competitive or noncompetitive based on their...
5.1K
Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists01:20

Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

1.8K
Muscarinic receptor antagonists, also known as antimuscarinic agents, are a class of bronchodilators used to treat asthma, although they are more commonly used to treat COPD. They work by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, on muscarinic receptors found in the airways.
Antimuscarinic agents compete with ACh for the same binding site on the muscarinic receptors. By binding to these receptors, they inhibit the downstream effects of ACh and block the parasympathetic...
1.8K
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

1.2K
Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
1.2K
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

1.4K
Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
1.4K
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:22

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

1.6K
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
1.6K
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers01:27

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

1.8K
β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Myocardial flow reserve estimation from standardized uptake values of <sup>13</sup>N-ammonia imaging with a silicon photomultiplier positron emission tomography/computed tomography system.

Annals of nuclear medicine·2026
Same author

A survey of factors influencing the intention to undergo genetic testing in patients with cardiovascular disease in Japan.

Journal of genetic counseling·2026
Same author

Nicardipine co-administered with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol anesthesia attenuates post-anesthetic hypothermia in rats.

Experimental animals·2026
Same author

Sex as a biological variable in nonclinical studies: Bridging scientific rigor, animal welfare, and regulatory expectations.

Animal models and experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a modified anesthetic protocol using dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol in mice.

The Journal of veterinary medical science·2026
Same author

Identification of HMCES as the Core Genetic Determinant Underlying the <i>xhs1</i> Radiosensitivity Locus in LEA/LEC Rats.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Isolation of Lung Retinoid-Containing Cells by Cell Sorting
07:47

Isolation of Lung Retinoid-Containing Cells by Cell Sorting

Published on: April 11, 2025

713

Retinoid X Receptor Antagonists.

Masaki Watanabe1, Hiroki Kakuta2

  • 1Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. ph424140@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonists are valuable research tools and potential drugs for diabetes and allergies. This review details RXR antagonists, their structures, and recent research advancements.

Keywords:
RXRRetinoid X receptorantagonistsheterodimersligandsmodulatorsnon-permissivepermissivestructural classificationtRXR

More Related Videos

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

9.5K
Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Isolation of Lung Retinoid-Containing Cells by Cell Sorting
07:47

Isolation of Lung Retinoid-Containing Cells by Cell Sorting

Published on: April 11, 2025

713
A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

9.5K
Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a crucial role in various biological processes.
  • RXR antagonists are being investigated for therapeutic potential in metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
  • Despite their promise, no RXR antagonist has received clinical approval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Retinoid X receptor (RXR) structure, function, and target genes.
  • To review currently available RXR antagonists, focusing on their structural classification and evaluation.
  • To highlight the latest research in the field of RXR antagonists.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific databases.
  • Analysis of structural classifications of RXR antagonists.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on RXR antagonists.

Main Results:

  • RXR antagonists serve as important chemical probes in biological research.
  • Various classes of RXR antagonists have been identified and structurally characterized.
  • Ongoing research focuses on optimizing RXR antagonists for therapeutic applications in diabetes and allergies.

Conclusions:

  • RXR antagonists hold significant therapeutic promise for conditions like diabetes and allergies.
  • Further research and development are necessary to advance RXR antagonists towards clinical பயன்பாடு.
  • Understanding RXR antagonist structure-activity relationships is key for future drug design.