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Dietary fibre: consensus and controversy.

R L Bijlani

    Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary fibre (DF) intake has declined due to modern diets, impacting health. This essential nutrient plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal function and disease prevention, highlighting its importance in human nutrition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Gastroenterology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Modern diets and technological advancements have led to a significant reduction in dietary fibre (DF) consumption.
    • This decline in DF intake is linked to the rise of specific diseases in affected populations.
    • Dietary fibre, a complex group of non-starch polysaccharides and lignin, resists endogenous digestion but is fermented by gut bacteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the multifaceted functions of dietary fibre in human nutrition.
    • To understand the physiological effects of DF on gastrointestinal function and metabolism.
    • To highlight the implications of DF deficiency in the context of chronic diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • The study reviews the physicochemical properties of DF and their impact on the digestive system.
    • It examines the effects of DF on gastrointestinal transit, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota.
    • Physiological outcomes, including glycaemic response and lipoprotein metabolism, are analyzed in relation to DF intake.

    Main Results:

    • DF influences gastrointestinal function from ingestion to defecation, affecting transit time, caloric intake, and nutrient digestion.
    • In the large intestine, DF promotes bacterial growth, increases fecal weight and water content, and shortens transit time.
    • DF consumption is associated with attenuated postprandial glycaemia, improved glucose tolerance, and altered lipoprotein metabolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary fibre, once considered redundant, is now recognized as an essential nutrient crucial for preventing diseases like constipation, obesity, diabetes, and colorectal cancer.
    • The physiological effects of DF, mediated by its physicochemical properties, are vital for maintaining gastrointestinal health and metabolic balance.
    • Adequate DF intake is critical for overall health, with deficiency having serious health consequences.

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