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Linguistic effect on speech perception observed at the brainstem.

T Christina Zhao1, Patricia K Kuhl2

  • 1Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Linguistic experience shapes speech perception early, influencing brainstem responses to consonants. This study reveals a direct link between auditory brainstem processing and how we perceive speech sounds, even at the earliest neural stages.

Keywords:
MEG/EEGbrainstem responselinguistic experiencespeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Linguistic experience impacts speech perception from infancy.
  • Previous studies show effects on sustained speech sounds (vowels, tones) via frequency-following response (FFR).
  • The current research investigates earlier neural processing stages in the auditory brainstem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if linguistic experience affects speech perception at the auditory brainstem level.
  • To examine the complex auditory brainstem response (cABR) onset component in response to speech consonants.
  • To explore brain and behavioral relationships in speech perception across different language groups.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) were used to record cABR.
  • Cross-cultural design comparing native Spanish- and English-speaking adults.
  • Behavioral perception tests and cABR measurements were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral differences in consonant perception between language groups were replicated.
  • Individual consonant perception strongly correlated with EEG-cABR onset peak latency.
  • MEG-cABR source analysis confirmed subcortical sources for onset peaks without group differences in location.

Conclusions:

  • Linguistic experience influences speech perception at the brainstem level.
  • A direct relationship between brainstem auditory processing and speech perception was demonstrated.
  • Early neural encoding of speech sounds is shaped by language background.