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Environmentally induced changes to brain morphology predict cognitive performance.

Thomas W Pike1, Michael Ramsey2,3, Anna Wilkinson2,4

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK tpike@lincoln.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-term brain plasticity significantly impacts cognitive performance. Manipulating fish brain regions showed that changes in optic tectum or olfactory bulbs altered sensory information reliance during conflicting cues.

Keywords:
Pungitius pungitiusanimal cognitionbehavioural plasticitynine-spined sticklebacknumerosity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Cognition
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • The link between brain size/structure and cognitive capacity is well-studied.
  • Brain structure exhibits short-term plasticity influenced by environmental and social factors.
  • The impact of this plasticity on cognitive performance remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how short-term changes in specific brain regions affect cognitive performance in fish.
  • To examine the influence of manipulated optic tectum and olfactory bulb size on sensory information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Non-invasive manipulation of relative brain region sizes (optic tectum, olfactory bulbs) in fish.
  • Testing cognitive performance in a task involving conflicting visual and chemical sensory information.
  • Assessing reliance on different sensory modalities based on brain structure.

Main Results:

  • Fish could process visual and chemical information independently.
  • When presented simultaneously, individuals with larger optic tecta prioritized visual cues.
  • Individuals with larger olfactory bulbs prioritized chemical cues when information conflicted.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term alterations in brain structure can significantly influence cognitive decision-making.
  • Brain plasticity may reflect adaptive strategies to manage energetically costly neural resources.
  • Individual differences in cognitive abilities can arise from dynamic changes in brain morphology.