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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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The transfer function is a fundamental concept in the analysis and design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It offers a concise way to understand how a system responds to different inputs in the frequency domain. It serves as a bridge between the time-domain differential equations that describe system dynamics and the frequency-domain representation that facilitates easier manipulation and analysis.
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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Second Order systems II01:18

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In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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Endogenous HIF2A reporter systems for high-throughput functional screening.

M Nazhif Zaini1, Saroor A Patel1, Saiful E Syafruddin1,2

  • 1MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.

Scientific Reports
|August 15, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new reporter systems to study HIF2A, a key factor in kidney cancer. These tools enable high-throughput screening to understand cancer-specific gene activity and develop new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tissue-specific gene expression dictates biological functions and diseases like cancer.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of transcriptional specificity is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2A) is a significant driver of renal oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel experimental reporter systems for interrogating endogenous HIF2A expression.
  • To assess the compatibility of these reporter systems with high-throughput screening.
  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling cancer-specific transcriptional traits.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel reporter systems for endogenous HIF2A expression analysis.
  • Utilizing a focused CRISPR-Cas9 library targeting chromatin regulators.
  • Employing high-throughput screening methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the utility of reporter systems for studying endogenous HIF2A expression.
  • Confirmed the compatibility of reporter systems with high-throughput screening approaches.
  • Identified potential redundancy in the regulation of cancer type-specific transcriptional traits.

Conclusions:

  • Novel reporter systems provide a powerful tool for dissecting transcriptional programs in cancer.
  • These systems facilitate large-scale mechanistic studies of cancer phenotypes.
  • The findings pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting transcriptional drivers in cancer.