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Radiation-Induced Transformation of Immunoregulatory Networks in the Tumor Stroma

Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre1, Anthony J Chalmers2, Turid Hellevik3

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 15, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Radiotherapy (RT) can convert tumors into in situ vaccines, enhancing antitumor immune responses. Understanding RT-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to optimizing combination cancer immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Novel cancer immunotherapies, like immune checkpoint blockers, show promise but benefit limited patient populations.
  • Many patients do not respond to current immunotherapies due to poor tumor immune recognition or immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME).
  • Radiotherapy (RT) is emerging as a strategy to overcome these limitations by converting tumors into in situ vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how local radiotherapy (RT) alters the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To explore RT's potential to enhance antitumor immune responses and overcome treatment resistance.
  • To emphasize the impact of different RT schedules and timing on TME remodeling for optimized combination therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on RT-induced changes in tumor stroma.
  • Analysis of how different RT regimens affect TME components.
  • Evaluation of the temporal dynamics of TME changes post-RT.

Main Results:

  • RT can induce immunogenic signals and release neoantigens, potentially initiating antitumor immunity.
  • RT significantly impacts the stromal compartments of tumors, influencing immune cell infiltration and function.
  • Different RT schedules elicit distinct changes in the TME, affecting its immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory capacity.

Conclusions:

  • RT has the potential to overcome barriers to effective cancer immunotherapy by modulating the TME.
  • Understanding the specific effects of RT schedules on TME remodeling is crucial.
  • Optimizing RT regimens and timing can create therapeutic windows for novel combination treatments to improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
angiogenesisextracellular matriximmunotherapymesenchymal cellsmyeloid cellsradiotherapytumor microenvironmenttumor stroma

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