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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Related Experiment Video

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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Monocyte Subsets: Phenotypes and Function in Tuberculosis Infection.

Pavithra Sampath1, Kadar Moideen2, Uma Devi Ranganathan1

  • 1Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Monocytes, crucial for innate immunity, differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. This review examines classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocyte subsets in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis.

Keywords:
CD14+ monocytesCD16+ monocytesMycobacterium tuberculosisbiomarkers for tuberculosismonocyte signaturesmonocyte subsetsmonocyte to lymphocyte ratio

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Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis
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Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Monocytes are key innate immune cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Human monocytes are classified into classical, intermediate, and non-classical subsets based on CD14 and CD16 expression.
  • Monocyte subset alterations are implicated in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis and bacterial persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, frequency, and function of human monocyte subsets.
  • To explore the role of monocyte subsets as biomarkers in TB.
  • To discuss future research directions for understanding monocyte involvement in TB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on monocyte classification and function.
  • Analysis of transcriptomic data for monocyte subsets.
  • Examination of studies investigating monocyte alterations in TB.

Main Results:

  • Distinct transcriptomic profiles define functional properties of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocyte subsets.
  • Altered frequencies of intermediate and non-classical monocytes are observed in TB patients.
  • These subsets show potential as biomarkers for TB and bacterial persistence.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte subsets play a significant role in TB pathogenesis.
  • Understanding their distinct properties is crucial for developing novel TB diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of monocyte involvement in TB.