Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

4.6K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.6K
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

10.2K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
10.2K
Determining Order of Reaction02:53

Determining Order of Reaction

62.3K
Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
62.3K
Determination01:51

Determination

21.0K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
21.0K
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

48.2K
The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution.  In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
48.2K
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

3.0K
A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Michael P. McQuillen, MD, MA (1932-2025).

Neurology·2026
Same author

AEGIS reveals epitope- and clone-resolved convergence of CNS B and T cell autoreactivity in ROHHAD.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Approach to Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026
Same author

How to Interpret the Head-Up Tilt Table Test: Teaching the 3 Core Orthostatic Hemodynamic Patterns.

Neurology. Education·2026
Same author

The Potential Misdiagnosis of Multifocal Motor Neuropathy as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-A Case Series.

US neurology·2026
Same author

Brain Death and Live Birth: History and Bioethics.

The American journal of bioethics : AJOB·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy
05:03

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy

Published on: April 17, 2020

5.9K

Practice Current: When do you order ancillary tests to determine brain death?

Nathaniel M Robbins1, James L Bernat1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.

Neurology. Clinical Practice
|August 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Determining brain death legally varies globally, particularly regarding ancillary tests. This study explores expert opinions and preliminary survey results on the necessity and application of these tests in diagnosing brain death.

More Related Videos

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions
07:40

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.0K
Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests
07:57

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy
05:03

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy

Published on: April 17, 2020

5.9K
A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions
07:40

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.0K
Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests
07:57

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Law
  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Brain death is a legal definition of death worldwide.
  • Practices for diagnosing brain death, especially the use of ancillary tests, differ significantly across regions.
  • Variations in diagnostic protocols can impact patient care and legal definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss key aspects of brain death determination, focusing on the role and necessity of ancillary tests.
  • To explore expert opinions on whether clinical examination alone is sufficient for diagnosing brain death.
  • To investigate preferred ancillary tests, their application in specific scenarios (e.g., brainstem injury), and the influence of family wishes.

Main Methods:

  • Case-based discussions involving three international experts in brain death determination.
  • Exploration of specific clinical scenarios and diagnostic dilemmas related to ancillary tests.
  • Presentation of preliminary results from an online survey of readership on the same case-based questions.

Main Results:

  • Expert opinions and survey data highlight significant variations in the perceived necessity and application of ancillary tests.
  • Discussion points address the sufficiency of clinical examination versus the role of ancillary tests.
  • Preliminary findings suggest differing views on preferred tests and their use in specific injury mechanisms and family contexts.

Conclusions:

  • There is considerable global variation in the practice and perceived necessity of ancillary tests for diagnosing brain death.
  • Further consensus-building is needed to standardize protocols for ancillary test utilization in brain death determination.
  • The integration of clinical judgment, expert consensus, and patient/family considerations remains crucial in evolving brain death diagnostic criteria.